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Critical Thinking (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)

Description:

An insightful guide to the practice, teaching, and history of critical thinking—from Aristotle and Plato to Thomas Dewey—for teachers, students, and anyone looking to hone their critical thinking skills.

Critical thinking is regularly cited as an essential 21st century skill, the key to success in school and work. Given the propensity to believe fake news, draw incorrect conclusions, and make decisions based on emotion rather than reason, it might even be said that critical thinking is vital to the survival of a democratic society.

But what, exactly, is critical thinking? Jonathan Haber explains how the concept of critical thinking emerged, how it has been defined, and how critical thinking skills can be taught and assessed. Haber describes the term's origins in such disciplines as philosophy, psychology, and science. He examines the components of critical thinking, including

• structured thinking
• language skills 
• background knowledge
• information literacy
• intellectual humility
• empathy and open-mindedness

Haber argues that the most important critical thinking issue today is that not enough people are doing enough of it. Fortunately, critical thinking can be taught, practiced, and evaluated. This book offers a guide for teachers, students, and aspiring critical thinkers everywhere, including advice for educational leaders and policy makers on how to make the teaching and learning of critical thinking an educational priority and practical reality.


Editorial Reviews

About the Author

Jonathan Haber is an educational researcher, writer and entrepreneur working in the fields of critical-thinking education, assessment, and technology-enabled learning whose work has been featured in the New York Times, the Boston Globe, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and the Wall Street Journal. He is the author of another MIT Press Essential Knowledge book, MOOCS, and The Critical Voter.

Reviews:

5.0 out of 5 stars Critical Thinking is the Essential Skill Set for Today's Learners and Workers

C. · May 5, 2020

This very readable and approachable book on critical thinking is a great introduction for those who are wondering what critical thinking is, as well as an insightful history of the topic. Jonathan's open and inviting writing style makes an academic topic accessible to any educator who wants to understand how to intentionally bring critical thinking skills into any classroom. From its origins in the study of Logic and Rhetoric, critical thinking hasn't become less important as digital resources and tools help us think and do in the 21st Century--in fact, Mr. Haber provides insight and practical ideas for teaching critical thinking skills that will make a difference in the lives of all learners and workers. Great read!

5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderful Introduction to an Important Topic

M.H. · April 22, 2020

Before reading this book I never realized how much I take the concept of "critical thinking" for granted... It was refreshing to step back and learn about how the concept evolved over time, how I might enhance my own critical thinking abilities, and how schools & society can consider ways to make us all better critical thinkers. It was a fascinating, fun, and quick read, and I'd recommend it to anyone that wants to upgrade their own critical thinking skills.

4.0 out of 5 stars Thinking About Thinking, and the Meaning of Meaning

K.L.N. · July 25, 2022

Throughout my teaching career, I regularly heard “critical thinking” extolled as one of my field’s primary goals. In multiple fields, but especially in fundamental core courses like freshman writing (which is what I taught), we repeatedly heard that students should emerge with more refined and practicable critical thinking skills. Seldom did I hear what those skills were or how they were evaluated; their innate goodness was just viscerally understood.Educational entrepreneur and curriculum writer Jonathan Haber spent his career trying to better understand what critical thinking was, and how its principles could be made portable. This, one of his last publications before his abrupt passing, compiles his insights into an easily readable pamphlet for general or specialist readers. It encompasses the important debates, and explores them in plain English. It’s a good introduction to the necessary components.Haber introduces general principles and history of critical thinking. Though descended from the general history of Western intellectual process, critical thinking is a distinctly American distillation of that tradition, based on making mental processes practical. From Plato and Aristotle, to William James and Thomas Dewey, Haber lays out the critical thinking heritage in brief, with an emphasis on useful concepts. It’s fun, exciting, and intellectually dynamic.What, though, actually is critical thinking? Haber acknowledges that remains controversial, but that academic consensus exists on several important points. Critical thinking involves reason based on evidence and testing, incorporating both scientific method and rhetorical communication. Useful application of these skills usually boils down to three important traits: “knowledge, skills, and dispositions.” That is, knowing information, using that information productively, and maintaining character traits like curiosity, open-mindedness, and creativity.Though Haber dedicates an entire chapter to teaching and evaluating critical thinking, he doesn’t do anything as prescriptive as writing lesson plans. Though he describes having written social science curricula himself, he seems to prize individual and institutional autonomy. And he admits that evaluating critical thinking is slippery. Though scholars have written evaluative rubrics, none has achieved widespread use; evaluation is ultimately subjective.One declaration Haber is willing to make: repeated studies demonstrate that teaching critical thinking explicitly, yields better outcomes than teaching it implicitly. Expecting students to absorb critical thinking skills through osmosis, in classes like math, writing, science, and history, generally doesn’t work. Students learn best when teachers explain exactly what skills matter, demonstrate them in action, and give students ample opportunity to practice.I really like Haber’s process. He directly explains concepts I needed to learn through trial and error, and never wholly figured out how to apply. Though he doesn’t write teachers’ lesson plans for them, he provides enough access to existing resources, and enough keywords for ongoing research, that committed teachers can close that gap themselves. If I’m ever given another opportunity to teach, I’ll apply Haber’s principles from the begining.However.Much as I appreciate Haber’s tutelage, I cannot help noticing shortcomings. First, Haber lavishly praises reason and analysis as benchmarks of critical thinking. He never acknowledges a growing corpus of scholarship, led by researchers like Jonathan Haidt, who contend (with evidence) that most human decision-making is instantaneous and preconscious. Though I think reason can retrain Haidt’s preconscious choices, such retraining must happen openly and deliberately. Which, right now, it isn’t.Also, Haber praises advances in American critical education, and discusses how critical thinking makes for better citizens. How to reconcile this civil application with the evidence of increasing political intolerance around us? As critical thinking has become more widespread in American education, our body politic has become more divided, characterized by factionalism, in-group thinking, and violence. Almost like critical thinking in school isn’t enough on its own.Indeed, one of Haber’s critical thinking virtues is “charity,” understanding the other side in the most forgiving terms possible. In today’s politics, one side desperately tries to play fair, court the center, and make peace; the other doubles down on sectarianism and anger. That side also decries higher-order education as anti-American and evil. You can’t educate people out of insularity when they consider fairness itself an immoral educational goal.Therefore, let’s read Haber’s guide as introductory, not exhaustive. Haber himself talks about reading others’ claims to find the unspoken premise. In Haber’s case, the unspoken premise is that critical thinking is a challenge, not a goal: spreading deeper thought undermines some power structures, and those power structures respond by opposing education. Haber’s premise is incomplete for not addressing current affairs. But it is, nevertheless, a necessary first step to actually dealing with the problem.

5.0 out of 5 stars Rigorous yet concise

L.L.Y. · September 8, 2020

A concise and succinct outline of the genealogy of critical thinking, the key issues and controversies as well as the way forward. I particularly appreciate the effort to reference the various milestones in this critical thinking journey by humankind. At once a brief intellectual history as well as a handy practical guide.

3.0 out of 5 stars Good book for a class. Not an everyday read

K.I. · March 5, 2021

This was a book I purchased for a graduate class, and it was an easy read, but not one I would recommend for recreational reading.

5.0 out of 5 stars One of the best introductory texts on analytical and generative logic

p.v. · April 1, 2021

Great balance of breadth and depth on critical, creative, and pragmatic reasoning. Highly recommended introductory and highly accessible text on these topics.

5.0 out of 5 stars Educational

2. · March 22, 2024

Easy read and great arguments on why critical thinking is so important and teaching how, could change our tribal culture.

4.0 out of 5 stars More Academic Than an How to Guide

J.C. · June 5, 2020

I understand that everyone’s thinking is impacted by logical fallacies and cognitive biases. I realize if a person wishes to improve their life’s circumstances, they need to start by improving their thinking. I selected Critical Thinking by Jonathan Haber in an effort to improve my own thinking process.I view the book as having sound information but not that helpful to someone whose primary purpose is to improve their own thinking process. The book has a decided academic flavor to it. Mr. Haber spends a lot of time discussing the place of critical thinking in the school curriculum. While I am certain this would be of interest and helpful to educators, it was neither to me.In the book there is a lot of time spend on logical structure, starting with Aristotle’s syllogisms. For those who have never studied logic, this might be helpful. But the premise, premise, conclusion is not what happens in everyday life. For me it would have been better to focus on practical applications, identifying the more common logical fallacies and cognitive biases which take our thinking down the wrong path.It is a fairly quick and easy read. There are some good arguments why we should all be more concerned with learning/teaching critical thinking skills.Bottom line, this is a good book for academics. It is not the best resource for those wishing to improve their own critical thinking skills.

Perfeito

A. · January 27, 2021

Ótimo, chegou dentro do prazo e bem embalado!

Es una buena introducción al tema

I. · October 19, 2020

Aunque es un texto enfocado a la pedagogía ofrece información relevante al público en general, creo que vale la pena leerlo sobre todo en estos tiempos de extrema polarización

Kompakte Zusammenfassung

B. · October 8, 2021

Das Buch gibt eine gute Einführung in den Begriff des Kritischen Denkens und zeigt damit zugleich auf, welche Fähigkeit in der heutigen digitalisierten Welt allmählich abhanden kommt: in der allgemeinen Informationsschwemme Sachverhalte kritisch hinterfragen zu können. Es ist kurz und knapp, passt als Lektüre auf einer längeren Bahnfahrt, und macht Interesse, sich in die Thematik weiter zu vertiefen.

Essential Type of Reading

S.H. · May 19, 2025

Really like this book - would be ideal for perhaps high school or college learners IMO.

A quick look into essentially what we all need

J.S.P. · May 13, 2023

It's a brief but substantial crash course on critical thinking, and in the long run essentially, what makes us human. And from that - if we ever tap into that skill - make our lives, the world, our reality, our context, better ...and brighter.

Critical Thinking (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)

Product ID: U0262538288
Condition: New

4.4

AED8388

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Type: Paperback
Availability: In Stock

Quantity:

|

Order today to get by 7-14 business days

Delivery fee of AED 20. Free for orders above AED 200.

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Imported From: United States

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Similar items from “Language Experience Approach”

Critical Thinking (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)

Product ID: U0262538288
Condition: New

4.4

Critical Thinking (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)-0
Type: Paperback

AED8388

Price includes VAT & Import Duties
Availability: In Stock

Quantity:

|

Order today to get by 7-14 business days

Delivery fee of AED 20. Free for orders above AED 200.

Returns & Warranty policies

Imported From: United States

At BOLO, we work hard to ensure the products you receive are new, genuine, and sourced from reputable suppliers.

BOLO is not an authorized or official retailer for most brands, nor are we affiliated with manufacturers unless specifically stated on a product page. Instead, we source verified sellers, authorized distributors or directly from the manufacturer.

Each product undergoes thorough inspection and verification at our consolidation and fulfilment centers to ensure it meets our strict authenticity and quality standards before being shipped and delivered to you.

If you ever have concerns regarding the authenticity of a product purchased from us, please contact Bolo Support. We will review your inquiry promptly and, if necessary, provide documentation verifying authenticity or offer a suitable resolution.

Your trust is our top priority, and we are committed to maintaining transparency and integrity in every transaction.

All product information, images, descriptions, and reviews originate from the manufacturer or from trusted sellers overseas. BOLO is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or an authorized retailer for most brands listed on our website unless stated otherwise.

While we strive to display accurate information, variations in packaging, labeling, instructions, or formulation may occasionally occur due to regional differences or supplier updates. For detailed or manufacturer-specific information, please contact the brand directly or reach out to BOLO Support for assistance.

Unless otherwise stated, all prices displayed on the product page include applicable taxes and import duties.

BOLO operates in accordance with the laws and regulations of United Arab Emirates. Any items found to be restricted or prohibited for sale within the UAE will be cancelled prior to shipment. We take proactive measures to ensure that only products permitted for sale in United Arab Emirates are listed on our website.

All items are shipped by air, and any products classified as “Dangerous Goods (DG)” under IATA regulations will be removed from the order and cancelled.

All orders are processed manually, and we make every effort to process them promptly once confirmed. Products cancelled due to the above reasons will be permanently removed from listings across the website.

Description:

An insightful guide to the practice, teaching, and history of critical thinking—from Aristotle and Plato to Thomas Dewey—for teachers, students, and anyone looking to hone their critical thinking skills.

Critical thinking is regularly cited as an essential 21st century skill, the key to success in school and work. Given the propensity to believe fake news, draw incorrect conclusions, and make decisions based on emotion rather than reason, it might even be said that critical thinking is vital to the survival of a democratic society.

But what, exactly, is critical thinking? Jonathan Haber explains how the concept of critical thinking emerged, how it has been defined, and how critical thinking skills can be taught and assessed. Haber describes the term's origins in such disciplines as philosophy, psychology, and science. He examines the components of critical thinking, including

• structured thinking
• language skills 
• background knowledge
• information literacy
• intellectual humility
• empathy and open-mindedness

Haber argues that the most important critical thinking issue today is that not enough people are doing enough of it. Fortunately, critical thinking can be taught, practiced, and evaluated. This book offers a guide for teachers, students, and aspiring critical thinkers everywhere, including advice for educational leaders and policy makers on how to make the teaching and learning of critical thinking an educational priority and practical reality.


Editorial Reviews

About the Author

Jonathan Haber is an educational researcher, writer and entrepreneur working in the fields of critical-thinking education, assessment, and technology-enabled learning whose work has been featured in the New York Times, the Boston Globe, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and the Wall Street Journal. He is the author of another MIT Press Essential Knowledge book, MOOCS, and The Critical Voter.

Reviews:

5.0 out of 5 stars Critical Thinking is the Essential Skill Set for Today's Learners and Workers

C. · May 5, 2020

This very readable and approachable book on critical thinking is a great introduction for those who are wondering what critical thinking is, as well as an insightful history of the topic. Jonathan's open and inviting writing style makes an academic topic accessible to any educator who wants to understand how to intentionally bring critical thinking skills into any classroom. From its origins in the study of Logic and Rhetoric, critical thinking hasn't become less important as digital resources and tools help us think and do in the 21st Century--in fact, Mr. Haber provides insight and practical ideas for teaching critical thinking skills that will make a difference in the lives of all learners and workers. Great read!

5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderful Introduction to an Important Topic

M.H. · April 22, 2020

Before reading this book I never realized how much I take the concept of "critical thinking" for granted... It was refreshing to step back and learn about how the concept evolved over time, how I might enhance my own critical thinking abilities, and how schools & society can consider ways to make us all better critical thinkers. It was a fascinating, fun, and quick read, and I'd recommend it to anyone that wants to upgrade their own critical thinking skills.

4.0 out of 5 stars Thinking About Thinking, and the Meaning of Meaning

K.L.N. · July 25, 2022

Throughout my teaching career, I regularly heard “critical thinking” extolled as one of my field’s primary goals. In multiple fields, but especially in fundamental core courses like freshman writing (which is what I taught), we repeatedly heard that students should emerge with more refined and practicable critical thinking skills. Seldom did I hear what those skills were or how they were evaluated; their innate goodness was just viscerally understood.Educational entrepreneur and curriculum writer Jonathan Haber spent his career trying to better understand what critical thinking was, and how its principles could be made portable. This, one of his last publications before his abrupt passing, compiles his insights into an easily readable pamphlet for general or specialist readers. It encompasses the important debates, and explores them in plain English. It’s a good introduction to the necessary components.Haber introduces general principles and history of critical thinking. Though descended from the general history of Western intellectual process, critical thinking is a distinctly American distillation of that tradition, based on making mental processes practical. From Plato and Aristotle, to William James and Thomas Dewey, Haber lays out the critical thinking heritage in brief, with an emphasis on useful concepts. It’s fun, exciting, and intellectually dynamic.What, though, actually is critical thinking? Haber acknowledges that remains controversial, but that academic consensus exists on several important points. Critical thinking involves reason based on evidence and testing, incorporating both scientific method and rhetorical communication. Useful application of these skills usually boils down to three important traits: “knowledge, skills, and dispositions.” That is, knowing information, using that information productively, and maintaining character traits like curiosity, open-mindedness, and creativity.Though Haber dedicates an entire chapter to teaching and evaluating critical thinking, he doesn’t do anything as prescriptive as writing lesson plans. Though he describes having written social science curricula himself, he seems to prize individual and institutional autonomy. And he admits that evaluating critical thinking is slippery. Though scholars have written evaluative rubrics, none has achieved widespread use; evaluation is ultimately subjective.One declaration Haber is willing to make: repeated studies demonstrate that teaching critical thinking explicitly, yields better outcomes than teaching it implicitly. Expecting students to absorb critical thinking skills through osmosis, in classes like math, writing, science, and history, generally doesn’t work. Students learn best when teachers explain exactly what skills matter, demonstrate them in action, and give students ample opportunity to practice.I really like Haber’s process. He directly explains concepts I needed to learn through trial and error, and never wholly figured out how to apply. Though he doesn’t write teachers’ lesson plans for them, he provides enough access to existing resources, and enough keywords for ongoing research, that committed teachers can close that gap themselves. If I’m ever given another opportunity to teach, I’ll apply Haber’s principles from the begining.However.Much as I appreciate Haber’s tutelage, I cannot help noticing shortcomings. First, Haber lavishly praises reason and analysis as benchmarks of critical thinking. He never acknowledges a growing corpus of scholarship, led by researchers like Jonathan Haidt, who contend (with evidence) that most human decision-making is instantaneous and preconscious. Though I think reason can retrain Haidt’s preconscious choices, such retraining must happen openly and deliberately. Which, right now, it isn’t.Also, Haber praises advances in American critical education, and discusses how critical thinking makes for better citizens. How to reconcile this civil application with the evidence of increasing political intolerance around us? As critical thinking has become more widespread in American education, our body politic has become more divided, characterized by factionalism, in-group thinking, and violence. Almost like critical thinking in school isn’t enough on its own.Indeed, one of Haber’s critical thinking virtues is “charity,” understanding the other side in the most forgiving terms possible. In today’s politics, one side desperately tries to play fair, court the center, and make peace; the other doubles down on sectarianism and anger. That side also decries higher-order education as anti-American and evil. You can’t educate people out of insularity when they consider fairness itself an immoral educational goal.Therefore, let’s read Haber’s guide as introductory, not exhaustive. Haber himself talks about reading others’ claims to find the unspoken premise. In Haber’s case, the unspoken premise is that critical thinking is a challenge, not a goal: spreading deeper thought undermines some power structures, and those power structures respond by opposing education. Haber’s premise is incomplete for not addressing current affairs. But it is, nevertheless, a necessary first step to actually dealing with the problem.

5.0 out of 5 stars Rigorous yet concise

L.L.Y. · September 8, 2020

A concise and succinct outline of the genealogy of critical thinking, the key issues and controversies as well as the way forward. I particularly appreciate the effort to reference the various milestones in this critical thinking journey by humankind. At once a brief intellectual history as well as a handy practical guide.

3.0 out of 5 stars Good book for a class. Not an everyday read

K.I. · March 5, 2021

This was a book I purchased for a graduate class, and it was an easy read, but not one I would recommend for recreational reading.

5.0 out of 5 stars One of the best introductory texts on analytical and generative logic

p.v. · April 1, 2021

Great balance of breadth and depth on critical, creative, and pragmatic reasoning. Highly recommended introductory and highly accessible text on these topics.

5.0 out of 5 stars Educational

2. · March 22, 2024

Easy read and great arguments on why critical thinking is so important and teaching how, could change our tribal culture.

4.0 out of 5 stars More Academic Than an How to Guide

J.C. · June 5, 2020

I understand that everyone’s thinking is impacted by logical fallacies and cognitive biases. I realize if a person wishes to improve their life’s circumstances, they need to start by improving their thinking. I selected Critical Thinking by Jonathan Haber in an effort to improve my own thinking process.I view the book as having sound information but not that helpful to someone whose primary purpose is to improve their own thinking process. The book has a decided academic flavor to it. Mr. Haber spends a lot of time discussing the place of critical thinking in the school curriculum. While I am certain this would be of interest and helpful to educators, it was neither to me.In the book there is a lot of time spend on logical structure, starting with Aristotle’s syllogisms. For those who have never studied logic, this might be helpful. But the premise, premise, conclusion is not what happens in everyday life. For me it would have been better to focus on practical applications, identifying the more common logical fallacies and cognitive biases which take our thinking down the wrong path.It is a fairly quick and easy read. There are some good arguments why we should all be more concerned with learning/teaching critical thinking skills.Bottom line, this is a good book for academics. It is not the best resource for those wishing to improve their own critical thinking skills.

Perfeito

A. · January 27, 2021

Ótimo, chegou dentro do prazo e bem embalado!

Es una buena introducción al tema

I. · October 19, 2020

Aunque es un texto enfocado a la pedagogía ofrece información relevante al público en general, creo que vale la pena leerlo sobre todo en estos tiempos de extrema polarización

Kompakte Zusammenfassung

B. · October 8, 2021

Das Buch gibt eine gute Einführung in den Begriff des Kritischen Denkens und zeigt damit zugleich auf, welche Fähigkeit in der heutigen digitalisierten Welt allmählich abhanden kommt: in der allgemeinen Informationsschwemme Sachverhalte kritisch hinterfragen zu können. Es ist kurz und knapp, passt als Lektüre auf einer längeren Bahnfahrt, und macht Interesse, sich in die Thematik weiter zu vertiefen.

Essential Type of Reading

S.H. · May 19, 2025

Really like this book - would be ideal for perhaps high school or college learners IMO.

A quick look into essentially what we all need

J.S.P. · May 13, 2023

It's a brief but substantial crash course on critical thinking, and in the long run essentially, what makes us human. And from that - if we ever tap into that skill - make our lives, the world, our reality, our context, better ...and brighter.

Similar suggestions by Bolo

More from this brand

Similar items from “Language Experience Approach”